Bacteria may have worsened Napoleon's retreat from Russia

Two fever-causing bacteria found in soldiers' teeth may have worsened Napoleon's disastrous retreat from Russia in 1812.

Why it matters

  • The study identifies two species of bacteria that may have contributed to the high mortality rate during Napoleon's retreat.
  • It adds biological evidence to historical accounts of disease during the retreat.

By the numbers

  • Study published in Current Biology on October 24.
  • Ancient DNA extracted from soldiers' teeth revealed two species of fever-causing bacteria.

The big picture

  • The findings align with historical accounts of soldiers suffering from fever, diarrhea, and pneumonia.
  • The bacteria likely exacerbated the already dire conditions of malnutrition and cold.

What they're saying

  • Experts note that salmonella and typhus would have been deadly in the poor conditions of the retreat.
  • The study brings "DNA-level biological details" to the historical narrative.

Caveats

  • The exact sample size is not specified, but the findings align with historical accounts.
  • The study provides biological evidence but does not change the historical narrative significantly.

What’s next

  • Further research could explore other pathogens or factors that contributed to the soldiers' deaths.
  • Understanding historical diseases can provide insights into how infections spread and affect populations.