Negative stereotypes shaped U.S. policies toward Puerto Rico

Negative stereotypes of Puerto Ricans shaped U.S. policies, contributing to economic decline and unequal citizenship.

Why it matters

  • Highlights Congress’ role in Puerto Rico’s economic decline.
  • Examines historical moments that impacted federal-territorial relations.
  • Shows how negative stereotypes justified unequal treatment.

By the numbers

  • Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory in 1898.
  • Key events: 1996 repeal of Tax Code Section 936, 1999 Vieques campaign, 2016 PROMESA.
  • Puerto Rico has been a territory for over 100 years.

The big picture

  • Negative stereotypes reflect a post-Cold War pattern in Congress.
  • These stereotypes justified treating Puerto Ricans unequally.
  • Economic hardship and federal indifference have fueled new political movements.

What they're saying

  • Some express sadness and shame over the treatment of Puerto Ricans.
  • Others discuss Puerto Ricans' political preferences regarding statehood.
  • Recent referendums show a shift in preferences toward statehood.

Caveats

  • Political landscape and preferences of Puerto Ricans have evolved over time.

What’s next

  • Economic hardship and federal indifference fuel new political movements.
  • Debate over statehood and political status continues.